| A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 11th President of India | |
| In office 25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh |
| Vice President | Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
| Preceded by | K. R. Narayanan |
| Succeeded by | Pratibha Patil |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Ramnad District, Madras Presidency,British India (now in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | 27 July 2015 (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology |
| Profession | Professor Author Aerospace scientist |
| Religion | Islam[1] |
| Signature |  |
Writings
In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nationby the year 2020. He regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.[140]
Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he asked Pramukh Swami, the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realize this five-pronged vision of development. Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth area developing faith in God and spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before his death.[136]
It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.[141]
Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, including a research programme for developing biomedical implants. He also supported open source technology over proprietary software, predicting that the use of free software on a large scale would bring the benefits of information technology to more people.[142]
Kalam set a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years after his resignation from the post of scientific adviser in 1999.[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the company of young people, particularly high school students. Henceforth, I intend to share with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed India for which the road map is already available."[22]
Awards and honours
Kalam received honorary doctorates from 40 universities.[143][144] The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government.[145] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India.[146] In 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management and leadership of a space-related project".[147]
Following his death, Kalam received numerous tributes. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state government further instituted the "Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$7,500). The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the state with achievements in promoting scientific growth, the humanities or the welfare of students.[148]
On occasion of his birth day (2015) , CBSE has given the topics on his name in the CBSE expression series .[149]
Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death:
Educational and scientific institutions
- An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the Bihar state government on the day of Kalam's funeral. The state government also announced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam.[150]
- Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University" by the Uttar Pradesh state government.[151]
- A new research institute for digestive diseases research in Travancore.[152]
- A new academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.[153]
- A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.[154]
Island
Wheeler Island, a national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015.[155]
Other awards and honours
Books and documentaries
- Kalam's writings
- Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988[175]
- India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, 1998.[176]
- Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.[12]
- Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002.[177]
- The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2004.[178]
- Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005[179]
- Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007[180]
- Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal and Sons Publishing[181]
- Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
- You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.[182]
- Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; Harper Collins India, 2012.[183]
- Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 | Publisher Penguin Books.
- My Journey: (titled எனது பயணம் - Tamil) Transforming Dreams into Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; August 2013 by the Rupa Publication.
- A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by Harper Collins.[184]
- Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal and Sons, 29 October 2014.[185]
- Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May 2015.[186]
- Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015[187]
- Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct 2015.[188]
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